Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Edited by Edward A. Greenfield



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Cross-Linking Antibodies to Beads with Disuccinimidyl Suberate (DSS)

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Disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) (see Fig. 1 in the introductory section Cross-Linking Antibodies to Beads) is a bifunctional cross-linker capable of directly reacting with two different amines to form stable amide bonds. Proteins, including antibodies, generally display several primary amines in the side chains of lysine (K) residues and the amino terminus of each polypeptide that represent available potential targets for N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)ester cross-linking reagents (Lu et al. 2005; Pimenova et al. 2008; Madler et al. 2009, 2010; Bernard and Kirk 2010; Bich et al. 2010; Iglesias et al. 2010; Chavez et al. 2011; Rockey et al. 2011; Scurtu et al. 2013). DSS must be first dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) before addition to aqueous cross-linking buffer. The use of DMSO is preferred over that of DMFDMF is classified as a possible carcinogen and a liver and/or reproductive toxin; extreme caution should be taken.

Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Second edition
Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Second edition
Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Second edition

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